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Fordham also provided a total of $60,000 over three years in financial support for Kundiman's programs. managed to sow seeds of romantic pursuit, embedding itself within Filipino You may say that! beloved atop the balcony in the hopes of winning their heartstaple of romantic In 1908 he returned to Manila and took employment in various small theaters and cinemas. [1] The lyrics of the kundiman are written in Tagalog. On top of distinguishing between the two genres, I also want us to make a clear distinction between authentic harana and kundiman. They are: The numerical value of KUNDIMAN in Chaldean Numerology is: 1, The numerical value of KUNDIMAN in Pythagorean Numerology is: 6. Harana and Kundiman are both beautiful traditional Filipino love songs. How do you think they are used in real life?, Is silent night (Christmas Carol) a binary, ternary or rondo?, what the characteristic of mindanao (vocal and or music) 5 pakisagot po plsssss. Thanks for the information, and for keeping Filipino music alive! His famous or important works are highlighted below. He died on March 21, 1934 to heart failure due to alcoholic causes. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. sanayin upang gawing gabay sa iyong paggawa ng awiting nasa There are many popular Filipino love songs that dont meet these requirements but nevertheless were used in harana. The composers created the kundiman. Absolutely not! melodies and intimate undertones that distinguish kundiman songs are in New York: Columbia. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Its a war song and it is the name given in several styles technique, and forms of music and dance organized in areas use, 1. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. The suitor serenades their Key composers like Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo acted as pioneers . In 1931 he received a grant to pursue advanced musical studies abroad. Ang Liwayway (Dawn), Sayaw ng mga Diwata (Dance of the Nymphs), Ang Matanda sa Punso (The Old Man of the Anthill), Ang Sayaw ng mga Ita (Negrito Dance) Dive into the beauty of original Pilipino music with 10 songs to add to your playlist now. Thanks for the clarifications! The Conservatory instantly noticed his musical ability and by 1918, he was appointed assistant instructor in solfeggio and harmony. their catalogues. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. [2], The main theater of the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the building housing the College of Music in UP Diliman (Abelardo Hall) were named in his honor and memory.[3]. [] historical info on the lost practice of kundiman and harana, go hereandhere; harana is an extension of kundiman. One of the main reasons kundiman is mistaken for a harana is because haranistas would oftentimes sing kundiman songs during a harana. He returned to Manila in 1932 without his diploma, because he did not have enough academic credits. He is always heartbroken, very poor with nothing to offer other than his undying love, and willing to suffer, even die, to prove his love.. Its nice to see it in writing. my favorite line from a Kundiman song (thank you, Florante, for the enlightenment) is mabuti pang mamatay, tuluyan na sa hukay deliciously tragic and dramatic. His quick mastery of the instruments has made him a prodigy in town. Thanks for sending. The same thing also happened when he started formally studied Bandurria under Jose Silos. We recognize the multiplicity of identities, genres, and lineages that fall under Asian American literature. His graduation piece, a Piano Sonata in G Major, was the first Sonata made by a Filipino composer[a] and his post-graduate piece, the Piano Concerto in B-flat minor, was the first concerto made by a Filipino composer. The fact that the older generation also She further explains that, as of now, professional kundiman singers are dwindling in number. What is worth remembering abo According to its text, a kundiman can be romantic, patriotic, religious, mournful. What is the impact of the painting? How does it make you feel? In 1916, Abelardo entered the newly-established University of the Philippines Conservatory of Music, taking courses under Guy F. Harrison and Robert Schofield. Nicanor Abelardo, along with Francisco Santiago, is known for redefining the kundiman, bringing the form to art-song status. Or a protest and other types. anthology of the same title, which literally translates to Will You Still The kundiman is the art song of the Philippines with folk-music influence set to texts. [8][9], The organizations name refers to a style of Filipino love song that served as veiled patriotism during colonial times. The formalized art song structure of the kundiman is characterized by moderate 3/4 time, with the piece beginning in a minor key and ending in the parallel major.[2]. rhythmic structures based on Western dance rhythms, Santos remarks. Just like poets will use beats, or rhythmic patterns of speech, to write poetry, musicians use musical beats, rests, meter and tempo to infuse their works with life. Is a kundiman exclusively written in Tagalog? Instead, the haranistas refer to this rhythm as danza. The melody of "Jocelynang Baliwag" is undeniably older than the title and the lyrics. Though other instruments were known to be used such as the violin and banduria most recordings of harana from the 1940s to 1960s featured only a guitar (or two) accompanying the vocals. Drawing from his experiences You write: You will also never encounter even a hint of Spanish word in a harana. In 3 parts. That term is used mostly in western classical music. Kundiman aims to create a space where those histories, personal and collective, are respected and discussed. influence is explained as a a courtship and/or bridal song-and-dance form in But should you encounter one, you may now consider yourself armed with the knowledge to distinguish between the two. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Mutya ng Pasig (1926)Nicanor Abelardo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T75O72u8j24, 8. In barely a month he fully absorbed the new musical style he was exposed to, as evident in his Violin Sonata which he had written in 3 weeks after he started studying there. Rhythm is "the earliest and most basic of the building materials or elements of music," according to Jean Ferris (p. 11) and is the arrangement of time in music. Kumintangs Kundiman is a traditional Filipino love song. Kundiman is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. Fellows report first-time publication in national literary journals, finalist distinction in literary awards and a greater sense of confidence in their pursuit of literary excellence. Thank you for all the useful information. is still carried on not only by mainstream Filipino artists, but also by Kundiman belongs to the traditional Filipino music genre that began in colonial Philippines under Spanish rule. Many of Abelardo's songs and kundimans were recorded during his lifetime by his friends and colleagues, such as Jose Mossesgeld Santiago and Jovita Fuentes. Generosity. This has led his uncle to enroll him to a private lesson in voice under Enrico Capozzi, who was so impressed by Nicanor's abilities that he refused to accept any fee whatsoever. What are the instruments made of?, Learning task 6: Fill out the table below. "[23], The Kundiman Retreat has received support from the National Endowment of the Arts. Is there a link you can connect me to, Thanks for the information.I can play more kundiman and harana on my classical guitar. Kantahin ito at He eventually ran the boarding house himself when he returned. . More power to your site/blog and hope to hear more from you. The genre, which expresses courtship and irrevocable affection, was a platform for reclaiming nationalist Pilipino identity. definition a musical genre, Magpayo finds solace in the fact that its essence Selection of Presses: Alice James Books, BOA Editions, Copper Canyon, Graywolf Press, Henry Holt, Kaya Press, MacMillian, One World, Penguin Press, Tupelo Press, Saturnalia Books, Yale University Press. It is believed that the romantic object of affection in kundiman songs are symbolic of the country. These were the kundimans sung by the haranistas during a harana. libretto by Florentino Ballecer. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. Kundiman is the classic form of Filipino love songor so it seemed to colonialist forces in the Philippines. If that isnt a hugot, I dont know what is. while the latter refers to what is being sung by the performer. The kundiman emerged as an art song at the end of the 19th century and by the early 20th century, its musical structure was formalised by Filipino composers such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo; they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music in equal parts. Answer: Kundiman is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. This is because it happened during the advent of recording in the early 1900s as well as the rise of the formalization of kundiman art form championed by Nicanor Abelardo, Bonifacio Abdon, et al. (2019). https://www.definitions.net/definition/KUNDIMAN. Though I cringe every time, I often dont bother to correct them because Im in no mood to start a dissertation type of explanation. The kundiman emerged as an art song at the end of the 19th century and by the early 20th century, its musical structure was formalised by Filipino composers such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo; they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music in equal parts. "[4], Dr. Francisco Santiago, the "Father of Filipino Musical Nationalism", declared in 1931 that the kundiman "is the love song par excellence of the Filipinos, the plaintive song which goes deepest into their hearts, song which brings them untold emotions."[5]. Arrigo Pola: Various artists. Readings & Workshops: Each year, we host 3040 readings and workshops across the country,connecting audiences to Asian American literature, uplifting emerging writers and connecting diverse audiences to Asian American stories that translate contemporary social, political, and cultural issues into intimate exchanges. I think Harana sometimes also starts with minor and end with major key. Not only this but he himself wrote a kundiman which is not of the elegiac type because its rhythm sounds the threat, the reproach and the revindication of the rights of the race. But of whatever type, its music is soulful and lofty, conveying deep feelings of devotional love. Nicanor Abelardo, along with Francisco Santiago, is known for redefining the kundiman, bringing the form to art-song status.Abelardo's kundiman songs, such as "Mutya ng Pasig", "Nasaan ka, Irog?", and "Bituing Marikit" proved to be popular among the Filipino people, and his compositions are regularly played in concerts in the Philippines. [10] Kundiman Fellows have published in The Virginia Quarterly Review,The Colorado Review, Pleiades, Black Warrior Review and Crab Orchard Review. On 1924 he became head of the composition department of the conservatory, and at night taught private music lessons to some prominent families. "[7], For the American nonprofit organization, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Tagalog Literature; A Historico-Critical Study", "Kundiman" by Dr. Jos Rizal (English version), "The Music and Theater of the Filipino People", "Manual de la conversacin Familiar Espaol-Tagalog, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&oldid=1132516242, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 06:43. For Filipinos, this is known as kundiman, a form of traditional love songs; with soulful verses and gentle melodies, its folk sound remains timeless, allowing it to continue thriving even in our modern cultural landscape. Untitled, VII. in his journal article, Constructing a National Identity Through Music. [6], The Filipino composer, conductor and scholar Felipe M. de Len Jr., wrote that the kundiman is a "unique musical form expressing intense longing, caring, devotion and oneness with a beloved. Are you familiar with the words found in the previous activity? Kundiman is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to nurturing generations of writers and readers of Asian American literature. Nasaan Ka Irog (written by Nicanor Abelardo, sung by Sylvia la Torre from the album Kundiman), Hear an example of kundiman in its most basic form of guitar and male voice: In 1 Act. According to Nicanor Tiongson inThe Encyclopedia of Philippine Art, Vol. Even a fellow Filipino dictator was in on the flogging. Bituing Marikit (1926)Nicanor Abelardo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gp6-0x9JlME, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiNjvB1M7_c, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENHl2jfEWfA, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCKRbUDsFzk, 7. songs such as Maalaala Mo Kaya?the theme song of a local TV drama It always starts with an introduction of solo guitar, then verse 1 followed by verse 2, then a little bit of solo guitar in the middle, then back to verse 2 until the end. claims that modern music isnt as simple as using a guitar and ones voice it simply, Kundiman is the genre; harana is the act.. In fact, in Kundiman, the singer who expresses undying love for his beloved is actually singing for love of country. We thank Fordham College at Rose Hill Deans Officefor their partnership, which makes Kundiman's Asian American Creative Writing Retreat possible. The LaSallian is the official student publication of De La Salle University. It was this musical form into which the nationalist poem Bayan Ko (My Country) was rendered.. But make no mistake, harana and kundiman are stylistically different. If you are one of the Filipinos having a hard time distinguishing between harana and kundiman music, dont be ashamed you are not alone! In E. Arsenio Manuel's Biography of Abelardo (1955), Manuel lists 149 works. Never? Minamahal Kita (1940)Mike Velarde Jr. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4RX1S6jUU, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAdQZMI5Yno, 3. The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. But thats another topic. [3] In this book, Coria also listed the names of the most important songs of the Tagalogs. The kundiman songwriter, singer, and listener becomes involved in an essentially dynamic, ever-flowing, creatively transforming and living process." It was worth noting that most of the finalists in the Timpalak Kundiman 2018 were millennials. But a blog, now theres the perfect soapbox to indulge. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. These composers were trained in the west and were very successful in integrating the operatic aria style into the kundiman. appreciates [this type of music] shows that bands like Ben&Ben can capture (1900). incorporating elements of the genre in other formscontributing to kundimans [6][7], Kundiman and Fordham University have formed an affiliation in which Kundiman will "enhance the outreach of Fordhams English Department," and Fordham hosts the annual Kundiman Poetry Retreat on Fordham's Rose Hill campus beginning in 2010, and host Kundiman-sponsored readings and events at the Lincoln Center Campus. The melancholic lyrics in the Tagalog original as recorded in Retana's book El Indio Batangueo reads:[3], In 1916, Dr. Juan V. Pagaspas, a doctor of philosophy from Indiana University and a much beloved educator in Tanauan, Batangas described the kundiman as "a pure Tagalog song which is usually very sentimental, so sentimental that if one should listen to it carefully watching the tenor of words and the way the voice is conducted to express the real meaning of the verses, he cannot but be conquered by a feeling of pity even so far as to shed tears. Consists of an Overture and 12 other movements: Tagalos Lurics by Nemestio Asistio, Spanish version by Jesus Balmori, Recorded by the Baliuag Buenaventura Band in 1958, for Female Chorus and Orchestra; Composition based on a poem by, Tagalog Lyrics by Filomena Alcanar; Dedicated to Candida Moreno; with violin obbligato, Composition based on a poem by Jose Rizal. He could play his father's arrangement of Rossini's "William Tell Overture" on the guitar at age 6. Kundiman has long been a source of community and support for Asian American writers, and were excited to offer this space of close collaboration and community guidance. "[3] Kundiman was co-founded in 2004[4] by Asian American poets Sarah Gambito and Joseph O. Legaspi,[5] and has received support from the National Endowment for the Arts, the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, the Poetry Foundation, the New York Community Trust, Philippine American Writers, PAWA, and individuals. Harana, another similar term, is actually [1] The lyrics of the kundiman are written in Tagalog. Kundiman folkdance/song is a traditional music used during the worldwar.The song kundiman is a love song danced by filipinos consist of a lady and a man.The song also represent the way of the young boys or men in the philippines to serenade the women they desire to be with. This greatly amused the people, but he did not stay long because he had lost control of his drinking, and became hospitalized for a month because of it. Dr. Francisco Santiago, the "Father of the Kundiman Art Song", briefly explains in his scholarly work "The Development of Music in the Philippines" the reason why this Tagalog song is called Kundiman is because the first stanza of this song begun thus: A common and significant observation is the use of the archaic language which to my dismay are rarely used and understood by the present generation. Retrieved from, Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 06:16, "Nicanor Avelardo Baptism (Registros parroquiales, 1821-1946)", "Stream Johann Sebastian Valondo | Listen to Baliwag Buenaventura band 1958 playlist online for free on SoundCloud", "Dances and Music for U. P. Pageant "The Triumph of Eros, "All-Philippine Music at Symphony Concert", https://www.worldcat.org/title/jovita-fuentes-song-collections-vol-1/oclc/401564996, https://www.worldcat.org/title/arrigo-pola-various-artists/oclc/401565005, https://www.worldcat.org/title/kundiman-ng-luha/oclc/81980328, https://www.worldcat.org/title/magbalik-ka-hirang/oclc/80132160, https://www.worldcat.org/title/pahimakas/oclc/79662508, International Music Score Library Project, Language Poetry and Drama in the Art Music of Nicanor Abelardo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicanor_Abelardo&oldid=1138538573, Dedicated to his Grandmother Macaria Libunao. taken a backseat to more modern forms. Tagalog, also other ethnic groups in the Philippines. associated with music from the Spanish colonial period, when the Spaniards, who How do the Yakans do their chanting songs? Pahimakas. This is intractable. As an organization dedicated to providing a nurturing space for Asian American writers, we find in this name inspiration to create and support artistic expression. For a list of other organizations that serve writers of color, click here. [1] The lyrics of the kundiman are written in Tagalog. Or with a child, spiritual figure, motherland, ideal or cause. puzz yo What did you feel after knowing these concepts? The former is the vocal performance itself, Written after 1911, In 4 acts; libretto by Bernardino Buenaventura; Lyrics by Danding Gabriel, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 06:16. we could say that Kundiman are the songs used for unsuccessful courtships. In May 1931 he left Manila for Chicago and enrolled at the Chicago Musical College under Wesley LaViolette. Mutya g Pasig / Nati de Arellano. He wrote most of his important works while teaching at the conservatory. * . on The history and landscape of Kundiman, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), UAAP: Lady Booters imbibe culture of success, eye four-peat empire, Hanging by a thread: US-Philippine relations amid the Global Magnitsky Act, Veteranos de la Revolucin Featured by UP College of Music, 502-A Bro. A kundiman is a traditional Filipino love song sang by a young man to serenade the woman of his love. The kumintang is an indigenous courtship or bridal song that shares the same sense of heart and passion. Even though kundiman is by programs have helped sustain the popularity of kundiman even until the Kundiman, the Philippine art song, emerged around the late 19th and early 20th centuries during a movement against western musical traditions. As radio broadcasting Mallari cites Mutya ng Pasig by Chances are they are neither because true ones are hard to come by. But of course, whos to stop anyone from singing any song one desires during a harana? Shields and Spears, VIII. Tagalog and Bikol haranas have lots in common even the use of tagalog repertoire adopted in the Bikol harana (probably because of the popularity of published tagalog harana songs during the 19th century). 6, thekundiman plays up these essential roots of Pilipino psyche: "sentimentality, [] yearning for freedom from want and deprivation, and the aspiration for a better future.". Pilita Corrales as examples of kundiman, noting that lyrics of these The Kundiman came around to be an art . Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. Dios mabalos po saindo. This is attested to by recordings and accounts of luminaries such as Conching Rosal, Atang dela Rama and Sylvia la Torre. During this time Nicanor became the favorites among the haranistas who admired him of his skill at such a young age. The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. I will certainly get my friends know about you. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. always makes me chuckle a bit. The lyrics of the kundiman are written in Tagalog. A classic kundiman in form and spirit, the music was written by Constancio de Guzman, with lyrics penned by National Artist Jose Corazon de Jesus, aka Huseng Batute. Nasaan ka irog? Occasionally, there are short exchanges between the guitar and voice in the middle, like they do here. But good point! coach of De La Salle Innersoul, adds that the term kundiman became The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. The lyrics of the Kundiman are written in Tagalog. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. He is always heartbroken, very poor with nothing to offer other than his undying love, and willing to suffer, even die, to prove his love. They envisioned a space that would facilitate the creation of new work, foster mentoring relationships, and address the particular challenges facing Asian American writers. O Ilaw is not a kundiman, it doesnt follow the kundiman characteristics (3/4 time, starts with minor/ending in major key, lyrics/theme doesnt fit the kundiman sentiment). There are two main dynamics: forte and piano. Kundiman is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. If there is a single art form that captures the Filipino character, kundiman would be it for it is said that the Filipino's humble nature and willingness to be trampled on is the main reason we allowed years of colonization and oppression from Spain, America and Japan. , ven Directions: Look for Mindanao inside the arts and crafts of Questions: 1. In later years, his alcoholism became uncontrollable which affected his life. We foster the role of the artist as a vital voice on the prevailing issues of our global society. This is the kundiman most of us know today (samples below). My favorite aspect of the harana lyrics is its use of pure, unadulterated and archaic Tagalog. (2019). Diego Magpayo (III, Another area to look for signs of authenticity is in the lyrics. "chemical dynamics" the forces or properties which stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process. For an in-depth look at this tradition, head over Harana the movie here: https://vimeo.com/ondemand/harana, [] The kundiman, for example, is a traditional genre of love songs dating back to pre-colonial times. Our programs welcome readers and writers of many ages, races, genders, sexual orientations, countries of origin, and abilities. Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web. It uses just the guitar and voice and often sung by men. He resumed his teaching at the Conservatory after returning to Manila. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What is the dynamics of art music kundiman?, What is called hagolong by the t'boli and kudlong by the bagobos?, Panuto:Kopyahin ang mga titik ng dalawang taludtod ng awit na Bahay Kubo. Kay Lungkot Nitong Hatinggabi (written by Santiago Suarez and sung by Ruben Tagalog from the album Harana ni Ruben Tagalog), Hear an example of formalized kundiman as championed by Nicanor Abelardo, et al. The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. Interestingly, none of the haranistas I met knew what a habanera was. Melody, however . "[3], In his 1883 book Cuentos Filipinos, Don Jos Montero y Vidal recorded in Spanish the sad lyrics of what he describes as a popular kundiman of the Tagalogs:[3], The Spanish writer and historian Wenceslao E. Retana recorded in 1888 the lyrics of a popular kundiman in Batangas. up-and-coming musicians of today. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in the Philippines.. To hear a sample of this rhythm, click here. It is a slow and sweet love song that's easily adaptable for more modern and political purposes. But even with the scholarship, the depression-stricken Chicago, and his alcoholism made it hard for Abelardo to live in the city. Another instance while rehearsing the Santa Ana Cabaret Orchestra, the manager found him in a corner drunk with a bottle of booze at one hand, which led him to be dismissed from the job. Connon Hall, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue. In choosing to consider kundiman Kundiman creates a space where Asian Americans can explore, through art, the unique challenges that face the new and ever changing diaspora. [24] Starting in 2015, the retreat was opened up to fiction writers as well as poets. Thanks Sir Florante Aguilar for your very educational blog. [Their music] feels homey , What effects do the patterns of their motifs have? The arrangement is simple and straight forward. I am also a researcher of harana (Bicol). Do the other Philippine dialects count? In 1872, the illustrious Franciscan Tagalist and poet, Joaqun de Coria wrote the "Nueva Gramtica Tagalog Teorica-Prctica" which, besides treating grammar, also enumerates the characteristics of Tagalog language, and discusses Tagalog poetry. Stylistically, the haranistas never refer to them as harana, instead they just call them love songs. To Philippine music scholars out there, feel free to chip in at the Comments section below. In addition, because many Asian American writers come from lineages that include violence and trauma, the barriers to writing may be internal. These songs are both tender and dramatic, and are usually about ones unrequited love as circumstances keep lovers apart (Aguilar, 2010). (1926). In, Pola, A. There are many versions out there, including some of my own recordings, that do not exactly meet these requirements. I appreciate and love the songs of Ruben Tagalog and the other haranistas. !a great help 4 my reportlove the samples of songs..!!!!!!godbless,!! But if you are going for a truly authentic harana experience like they did in old Philippines, you have to use a particluar set of songs specifically written for the endeavor. We can. Furthermore, the collection included music from Jocelynang Baliwag from []. culture. You will also never encounter even a hint of Spanish word a characteristic shared by kundiman songs. The origin of this folkdance/song is originally from the philippines. I found this spot today hoping to find the real words to a song my father used to sing (hes 86 yo now) which starts w/: natutulog ka na ba sinta? thanks!Helped me a lot with my report..:D..now i understand it. However, he still hears kundimans The following is an incomplete list of recordings of some of his famous kundimans: Nicanor Abelardo depicted on a postage stamp, Not to be confused with Francisco Santiago's "Sonata Filipina in D-flat" written in 1922 which is, according to Molina, "first sonata written in the Philippines introducing Philippine musical themes", Manuel (1955) lists a "Sonata" with the movements "Allegro, Andante alla Minuet, Rondo, Allegro Moderato" while Epistola (1996) Lists the F major quartet with the movements "Allegro, Andante, alla Minueto, Rondo: Allegro Moderato".